Nephrology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of kidney-related diseases and disorders. It involves diagnosing, managing, and preventing conditions affecting the kidneys, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney stones, kidney infections, and glomerulonephritis. Nephrologists also handle issues related to electrolyte imbalances, high blood pressure, and fluid balance. They are experts in the use of dialysis, a treatment for kidney failure, and kidney transplantation. The field requires a deep understanding of both the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, as well as how they interact with other organ systems. Nephrologists work closely with patients to manage and slow the progression of kidney disease, improving quality of life. The field is rapidly evolving with advances in genetics, immunology, and personalized medicine, offering new treatments and better outcomes for patients. Regular screening for kidney function, especially in those at risk, is essential in nephrology to detect diseases early and prevent complications.